INDIAN INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH INTO TRUE HISTORY

Newsletter No. 12 of 16 February 1984

1. Major Events.

1.1 A Ph. D on Tejo Mahalaya?

In August 1983 Mr Godbole met an English architect, through our member Dr Shiralkar. He was very interested in our work and suggested that it would get a big boost if an English student was to select it for a Ph. D thesis. We have accordingly sent him copies of our Taj Mahal analysis and Tourist guide to Taj Mahal, and await the reaction of his professor friend.

1.2 One more Ph. D on Taj Mahall

We understand that son of famous Marathi poet "Aneel" has submitted a thesis to Nagpur University based on his study of the (so called) Islamic Architecture. He reiterates the stereotype stories like: Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan etc etc. As there is no danger that Mr Oak (or Mr Godbole) would be his external examiner he is bound to be awarded a Ph. D in secularised India. If you want to contact him his address is - Prof. S. A. Deshpande

Head of the Department of Architecture

Vishveshvarayya Regional College of Engineering

Nagpur 440 001

India.

We have requested Dr N. K. Bhide of New Delhi to take further action.

1.3 Veer Savarkar Birth Centenary Celebration

Mr Godbole's article on Veer Savarkar was published by Asian Times (Nov. 1983) and New Life Weekly (Dec. 1983). Barrister Ghorpade was very impressed and rang Mr Godbole. His circle includes persons like the former Chief Justice of India Mr Chandrachud. Anne Hoose the Managing Editor of "New Life" met Mr Godbole and became interested in our work. We hope to get regular publicity in this weekly.

1.4 Veer Savarkar, You Were Right;

Having opposed Savarkar tooth and nail many Indian leaders had later realised that he had been right all along. But very few had the guts to say so publicly. Mr Neelakantha Khadilkar of weekly Navakal of Bombay wrote a series of 13 articles on his visit to Russia. Bal Thakare, Chief of Shiva Sena was so impressed that he reproduced them in October 1983.

Mr Khadilkar says "... In India, Muslims are using their religion only to obstruct progress. They are drunkards even though Koran prohibits drinking. (Koran forbids

money lending but even Nehru admits in Discovery of India that the worst money lenders are Pathans). They refuse to agree to a common civil code. The biggest problem for India is the growing population. But Muslims stubbornly refuse to practise birth control. They must be dealt with as firmly as in Russia. This is what happened there -

When social reforms were introduced, Muslim women were encouraged to abandon 'Purdah' and learn in schools. But those who dared and their teachers were stoned to death by the Mullahs according to Koran and Shariat law. Stalin then sent in the army and liquidated the Mullahs. Their fanaticism was met with counter- fanaticism. There has been no Muslim problem ever since. Today there are Mosques and Mullahs in Russia, but no Mullah dare interfere with the affairs of the state. In fact no Mullah can preach in a Mosque unless he has completed a five year course conducted by the Government. And a ministry keeps them under strict surveillance. Communists have liberated Muslim men and especially women from the clutches of fanatical Mullahs.

Muslims and Christians have many countries but Hindus have only India. If India is doomed so are the Hindus. (Savarkar has been saying this for 40 years).

What an irony of fate; Thakare's father ridiculed and laughed at Savarkar's warnings all along. See his biography of Rango Bapuji - published in 1946.

1.5 Muslim graves cari be moved - rules Supreme Court of India.

Every town, city and village in India is infested with real or bogus graves and tombs situated right in the middle of roads, public parks, factories and even military premises causing not only a great nuisance and inconvenience to everyone but also creating grave security risks and threat to public property. Their re-siting has been made impossible due to fanatic Muslim opposition and Government's reluctance to act firmly -

Articles 25 and 26 of the Indian constitution guarantee -

(a) to all persons, freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and

propagation of religion.

and (b) to every religious denomination or any section thereof freedom to manage its

own affairs in matters of religion.

This simply added to Muslim fanaticism.

During a recent dispute between Shias and Sunnis of Varanasi (Benares) it was argued in court that under Sheriat Law shifting of dead bodies after digging old graves in which they are lying buried is not permissible.

The Indian Supreme Court ruled "True, this position under Sheriat law cannot be doubted, but the fundamental rights guaranteed under Articles 25 and 26 have been expressly made subject to public order, morality and health. In other words the exercise of these fundamental rights is not absolute but must yield or give away to maintenance of public order, the maintenance whereof is paramount in the larger interests of the society. For instance the ecclesiastical edict or right not to disturb an interred corpse is not absolute as will be clear from section 176(3) of Criminal Procedure Code which permits its exhumation for the purpose of crime detection and this provision is applicable to all irrespective of the persons law governing the

dead ..."

This miscellaneous petition for directions is an off-shoot of this Court's decision in the main writ petition No 4675 of 1979 rendered on November 3 1981, in a dispute between the members of the Shia and Sunni sects of Muslims of Varanasi, pertaining to the performance of religious rites, practices and observances by members of Shia sect on certain plots and properties situated in Mohalla, Doshipura, Varanasi.

(Ref - Masurashram Patrika of Bombay January 1984)

Are we learning from our history at long last?

1.6 Perverted History; Perverted Minds

(A) Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay publishes a monthly entitled 'Bhavan's Journal'. February 1983 issue carries an article "Svadharma Gita" by Dr P. Nagaraja Rao. He writes -

".... The Gita is the earliest work, that was carried to the West by Sir Charles Wilkin's translation. It carries foreword by our first Governor General, Warren Hastings ..."

Note - Since when did Warren Hastings become our Governor General?

(B) Sometime during April 1973 and November 1977 Institution of Engineers India issued a special circular to its members. It said ".... our Institution was founded by the Royal Charter of 1934. Article number so and so of the Indian Constitution safeguards our position. Our members are entitled to call themselves Chartered Engineer (India), C. Eng (I).

Note - Though such qualifications are worthless in England, we are ever so proud of the Royal British Charter; And people do use the title. In 26 July 1980 issue of Manoos weekly of Pune we find an advertisement -

With Best Compliments From

Shri Rajshekhar B. Patil

B.E. (Elec), C.ENG (I), M.I.E.

Chartered Engineer.

(C) Relics of the Ra.j

The Daily Telegraph of 23 August 1983 reports -

Memories of the Raj live on in India's Tamil state.

A surprise awaits the visitor to the Old Madras presidency, modern Tamil Nadu: The southern extremity of the South Asian sub-continent is not ashamed of its British Colonial past, and the State's leaders are making no efforts to forget its history.

In Madras, statues of kings and queens, reminders of an era now fading in memory of India's northern heartland, stand where they u/ere placed during the heyday of the British Raj and are well looked after.

Old mansions and bungalows are not tumbling down in the city .... Under an otherwise super-nationalistic party's reign they are in use and kept in all their glory. Even the old bungalow occupied by Clive has been restored.

The preservation is true not only of Madras but also of such smaller cities as Chingleput, Vellore, Madurai or Trichinopoly.

Note - Madrasis are following the example of our great leader Nehru. In 1955 Krushchev visited India. While going around Rashtrapati Bhavan (Presidential Palace) he asked Nehru, "Why have the portraits of old British Viceroys who remind you of slavery?" Nehru replied, "You cannot wipe out history by removing these portraits". And a generation later we understand that the portraits are still there. Now we know why the Britishers love Nehru so much and why Churchill called him 'Light of Asia'.

Just compare this with what happened in other countries. When Rhodesia became independent in April 1980 Africans not only changed the name to Zimbabwe but their first act was to pull down the statue of Cecil Rhodes in Salisbury. Whom will the white man respect? Indians or Zimbabweans?

(D) Ghashiram Kotwal

Mudslinging on our great heroes has been continuously carried out by Britishers, Europeans and Americans for last 150 years. Their intentions are clear enough. But it is astonishing how Indians still fall for it and what is worst how they are delighted by it;

Let us take two examples of the mudslinging

(1) The infamous Tai Maharaj episode wasted six years of Lokmanya Tilak's life

(1898-1904). The charge sheet against him included charges of forgery & fraud.

At one time Tai Maharaj described in court an incident in which it was insinuated that Tilak had violated Tai Maharaj during their stay at Aurangabad. Tilak felt grieved that a lady from a Sardar family should have stooped so low as to stain her character with her own tongue which even a prostitute would not do.

In the end Tilak's character was vindicated, but he had to spend about 30,000 Rs (at prices of 1904) from his own pocket (He had to pledge his insurance policy and house and press to raise money). The pressure which these hardships must have exercised on his health and mind was unimaginable. (Ref. Lokmanya Tilak by Dhanajay Keer 1969 edition pg 195).

(2) Veer Savarkar was in London during 1906-1910. He had some British admirers, Margaret Lawrence may be one of them. Savarkar went to Paris in January 1910 for

convalescence. On his return to London on 13 March 1910 he was arrested and later deported to Bombay where he was sentenced to 50 years hard labour. Briitsh Authorities spread a malicious rumour that Savarkar wanted to see his girl friend Margaret and was lured by her letter, otherwise why should he return to London knowing very well what the consequences would be?

Manohar Malgaonkar takes the rumour at face value and foolishly repeats them in his book "Men who killed Gandhi" 1979 pp-25/28 -So why did Savarkar return to London despite strong pleas from his friends? The answer is simple enough. Savarkar was preparing for an armed uprising in India. Though the situation became very serious indeed the volcanic eruption did not take place due to impatience, incompetence and indiscretion of certain key members. Many families were ruined by British reprisals. Savarkar's elder brother Babarao was sentenced to transportation for life and was later subjected to electrical shocks, his younger brother was facing a trial, Babarao's wife had to seek refuge in a crematorium as people were so terrified. Life became intolerable for Savarkar's friends in London. He therefore felt it necessary to show that he was just as well prepared to face the hardships suffered by his friends. Such action was extremely foolish and unwise but he fell for emotions not reasoning. He said to himself "I should not worry about who would carry on our work. I are not unique. I am not the only one. Someone else is bound to come forward". (If Shivaji had thought on similar lines Marathas would have never become free). For fuller explanation see "Five Stormy Years" by Harindra Srivastava, Allied Publications, New Delhi 1983 pages 207 to 217.

Britishers thus wanted to discredit Tilak and Savarkar in the eyes of Indians so that they would not become sources of inspiration. And we must say that they did succeed in case of Savarkar but not in case of Tilak.

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GHASHIRAM KOTWAL is a Marathi drama based on malicious accusations made by British on the Maratha Chancellor Nana Phadnavis. It caused a furore when it first appeared on stage in 1973. It was selected to represent the Indian theatre at the international gathering in Berlin in October 1980. Vasantrao Sathe the Minister for Information and Broadcasting and even Mr P. Narasinha Rao the Telagu speaking Foreign Minister protested. But Mrs Indira Gandhi overruled. What did the British papers say when the drama reached London?

No Pune intended

….. set in Pune at the end of the 18th century, the play shows the ruling class under the Chancellor, Nana Phadnavis to be decadent and debauched. Ghashiram a hard-done by Brahmin rises to power as Nana's Chief of Police and instigates a reign of terror (Guardian 28 October 1980)

Tales of the despots from old Bombay

.... As much an opera or ballet as drama "Ghashiram Kotwal" is set in the 18^th century and tells with tart humour the story of a decadent city where the strait- laced ruling class, together with the all powerful and dignified Chancellor secretly frequent the red light district.

When the Chancellor attempts to seduce the beautiful daughter of a rascally servant, this cunning fellow insists on being made chief of police in return for his girl's favour.

(Daily Telegraph 30 October 1980)

What an exhibition at a time when Indians are regarded as good for nothing loafers everywhere in the world; How did this drama arise?

Nana Phadnavis's contemporaries like Warren Hastings, William Palmer (Resident at Pune) and John Seeley - Secretary to the British Governor General, have all praised Nana. He died in 1800. Maratha Peshwa Bajirao II was defeated by the English in 1818. Mountstuart Elphinstone was the last Resident at Peshwa's court in Pune, John Briggs (later General Briggs) was his assistant who forged an auto- biography of Nana and read it at the Royal Asiatic Society of London on 19 April 1828. It was published in their proceedings of 1830, but even Briggs admires Nana as a great hero.

Captain Archibald MacDonald wrote Nana's biography and even though it was published by the American Mission in 1851 it makes no reference to Nana's auto- biography. The 1927 edition of the book published by Humphrey Milford of London contains Nana's alleged autobiography. Ever since the days of Mahatma Phule there has been much anti-Brahmin feeling in Maharashtra. In 1863 one Moroba Kanhoba wrote a book entitled "Ghashiram Kotwal". Mr M.S. Dixit of Pune has recently (1981) proved it to be a thoroughly false document.

Knowing damn well that the theme of the drama is baseless, it has bad influence on the people and that it is insulting to a national hero like Nana, those who are trying to justify it are putting forward some fantastic arguments.

'Manoos' weekly of Pune has persistently supported the drama. When it first came on stage the editor wrote - "though the title is Ghashiram Kotwal it does not tell his story. (So why not use an appropriate title?) It is not, as suggested currently in newspapers, a one-sided picture of Nana nor does it have any mud-slinging on him. (Wonderful. Does it show the wit, cleverness & intelligence of Nana? No. It simply shows him to be a sex crazy man. So how is it not a one- sided picture of Nana? Don't ask such questions) During the downfall of any society people lose their moral values. In social history this decadence is very important. (24 Feb 1973)

Historian Setu Madhavrao Pagdi delivered a lecture in the famous Sarasbag in Pune on 21 January 1980. He explained the work of Nana Phadnavis and Mahadji Shivde. He said "These two were the giants ever produced by Maharashtra, and how do we remember and honour them today? By producing dramas like Ghashiram Kotwal; While watching that drama my blood was boiling every minute. During the interval I met a professor who remarked - what a chance did Nana have; I was absolutely furious.."

Commenting on Mr Pagdi's lecture Mr D.B. Mokashi a well known Marathi author wrote. "It is true that many people like Mr Pagdi were hurt. But it also gave pleasure to many, like the pleasure of saying "What a chance did Nana have;" Some were delighted to see how the Brahmins were humiliated (brahmanchee kashi jiravali!) Many actors who take part in this drama are themselves Brahmins, if they had known the truth about Nana, they would not have acted. I am sure they had quarrels with their parents. They would have had the satisfaction of having insulted the elderly as representatives of Nana's times..... As the time goes by Nana etc would not be regarded as historical characters (so why use the historical characters in the first place? Every generation has some randy, saucy men. Nana would be looked upon as one such man. (Manoos 9 Feb 1980).

(Note - we know damn well that this does not happen. People who see such drama carry foolish impressions throughout their life).

Justifying sending of this drama to Berlin Festival, Mr Majgavnkar the editor of Manoos wrote "Mr Tendulkar the author says that the drama is not a historical one at all;(So why use historical characters like Nana and Ghashiram Kotwal etc? Why not have some imaginary names like Jawaharlar Nehru or M.K.Gandhi?).

...In the near future lustfulness, corruption etc would become virtues. So what is all the fuss about? (27 Sept 1980).

"This is art, not a history book" says the play's director Jabbar Patel, a Muslim, "People like Ghashiram are created by the politicians so that they can kill their own enemies indirectly. It happens not only in India but throughout the world, so this becomes a universal play." (Guardian 28 October 1980)

(Note - Nana did not rely on a reign of terror to remain in power. After Raghoba Peshwa, who arranged a murder of his nephew Narayanrao, was deposed by the council of twelve (barbhai ) Ghashiram installed an excellent system of police and spies and made the Maratha state secure from the threat of English. True, in later days he misused his power and paid for it with his life).

Before the show we are assured that the author, Vijay Tendulkar intended no disrespect to a historical character. (Daily Telegraph 30 October 1980)

'Manoos' carries a series called " (shyamcha sansar) Shyam's family life". In one of them (in 1983) we are told - When the Europeans go to performances of foreign dramas like Ghashiram Kotwal, surely they study Maratha history beforehand and know the truth. (Note - what an argument; If a French or Polish drama comes to your town, would you study French or Polish history? or would you be guided by what you read in the papers or bulletins?)

In the same series the author tells us of the story of an old Arab from Oman who went to India and married a young Muslim girl from Miraj. He seeks help from Shyam for letter writing and dealing with formalities to bring his wife to Oman. A Bengali colleague tells him that Ghashiram Kotwal was becoming popular in Europe. Shyam says to hemself "What a life; We are gaining fame by showing a drama on a man of loose morals. When dirty old Nana married teenage girls or spoiled the life of Ghashiram's daughter how many people like me would have felt sad?"

(Manoos 26 June 1982)

Mr Dattatreya Ganesh Godse, famous Maharashtrian painter and art critic has recently written a book of historical essays entitled "Samand-e-Talash. One of them is 'Nana's autobiography'. Mr Godse shamelessly and without the slightest hesitation repeats all the false stories. It is much more disgusting to find him arguing that those who condemn the drama Ghashiram Kotwal should study Nana's autobiography; (Manoos 5 June 1982)

Dramas like Ghashiram Kotwal have a lasting disastrous mental impact. Maharashtrians in England welcomed it with great enthusiasm when it came to London and the very same people are utterly reluctant to have any celebrations during the Veer Savarkar Birth centenary year; British immigration officers were carrying out virginity tests on our women when Ghashiram came here. And what were the staunch supporters of Ghashiram doing in India? Nothing. Absolutely nothing. It did not make their blood boil. And now it is reported that British doctors are carrying out horrifying experiments on pregnant Indian women in Central Middlesex Hospital and St Mary's Hospital Medical School (See Asian Times of 18-24 November 1983). Is Mr Tendulkar now going to write a drama giving us the pleasure of seeing how our women were humiliated? or is he going to find something stimulating, thrilling, inspiring and exciting in the life of Nana? Does he know that though Nana was never a swordsman he did not flee from the battle of Panipat in 1761 until after Holkar and Shinde had deserted?

1.7 Watch it Professors) now we know enough.

One of our friends, a high ranking military officer was travelling from Jubalpoor to Bombay in December 1983. He met Prof. Gaur (Head of Archaeology Department, Aligarh Muslim University) and Prof. Mishra (Head of Archaeology Department, Benares Hindu University). The question of Taj Mahal cropped up. The professors wanted to brush aside the issue. Our friend luckily had a copy of Mr Godbole's paper. The professors were caught unaware. Two Colonels from Army Intelligence Corps also became curious. They read the paper and took the professors to task. Our work is thus being discussed in various important circles.

1.8 Indian Politics 1856-1966.

Many people ask us. - You have pointed out how Indian History has been twisted and falsified. Why don't you write various chapters of true Indian History? Mr Godbole has therefore decided to prepare a detailed chronology of Indian Politics from 1856 to 1966. He hopes to start the work by July 1984.

1.9 Thank you white man.

Dr Von Den Bosch of Netherlands visited India last year. He had a copy of Mr Godbole's Tourist Guide to Taj Mahal when he went to see Taj. He was surprised indeed. He told Indian reporters that true origin of Taj must be explored, immediately it made headlines on 6 February 1984. "The Taj may have been built before Shahjahan" says the Statesman of Calcutta. "Taj an immortal Mughal Fraud?" asks the Free Press Journal. "Fraud on Taj?" questions the Indian Express. Further

details in the next newsletter -

2. Research Findings

2.1 Caste system among the Muslims

It is commonly believed that there is no caste system among the Muslims as the holy Koran declares that all Muslims are brothers. Mr P.L.Deshpande, famous Marathi writer-actor made similar remarks at a public meeting. (Maharashtra Times of 21 March 1982).

Mr Bal Gangal of Bombay says "I asked a Bohra friend - If I become a Muslim could I be buried in your graveyard?" "Oh no'." came the reply "You see we were originally Brahmins. Only those who are born Bohras can be buried in our graveyard". He asked the same question to a Khoja friend "Impossible!" said his friend "we were originally Lohanas i.e. Vaishyas (merchant class). Only Khojas may be buried in our graveyard". (Sobat weekly of Pune 11 April 1982).

Soon afterwards a Muslim corporator confessed that every Muslim sect has its own graveyard and requested Bombay City Corporation to take them over and make them available to all Muslims. This shatters the myth of Muslim Brotherhood. They are not equal even after death.

1901 census provides some interesting information. The Superintendent for the Province of Bengal records - The Mahomedans recognize two main social divisions (1) Ashraf or Sharaf and (2) Ajlaf.

Ashraf means noble and includes all undoubted descendants of foreigners and converts from high caste Hindus. All other Mahomedans including the occupational groups and all converts of lower ranks are known by the contemptuous terms 'Ajlaf 'wretches' or 'mean people': they are also called Kamina or Itar, 'base' or Rasil a corruption of Rizal 'worthless'. In some places a third class called Atzal or 'lowest of all' is added. With them no other Mahomedan would associate and they are forbidden to enter the mosque or to use the public burial ground.

Within these groups there are castes with social precedence of exactly the same nature as one finds among the Hindus

I Ashraf or better class Mahomedans.

(1) Saiads

(2) Sheikhs

(3) Pathans

(4) Moghul

(5) Mallik

(6) Mirza

II Ajlaf or lower class Mahomedans.

(1) Cultivating Sheikhs and others who were originally Hindus but who do not belong to any functional group, and have not gained admittance to the Ashraf Community e.g. Pirali and Thakrai.

(2) Darzi, Jolaha, Fakir and Rangrez.

(3) Barhi, Bhathiara, Chik, Churihar, Dai, Dhawa, Dhunia, Gaddi, Kalal, Kasai,

Kula Kunjara, Laheri, Mahifarosh, Mallah, Naliya, Mikari.

(4) Abdal, Bako, Bediya, Bhat, Chamba, Dafali, Dhobi, Hajjam, Mucho, Nagarchi,

Nat, Panwaria, Madaria, Tuntia.

Ill Arzal or degraded class

Bhanar, Halakhor, Hijra, Kasbi, Lalbegi, Maugta, Mehtar.

(Ref. Pakistan or Partition of India by Dr B R Ambedkar 1946 edition page 219)

- 34 years after this census Veer Savarkar wrote "It is foolish for the untouchables to believe that their problems would vanish and their social status would improve if they were to embrace Islam. Look at what is happening in Bengal. The Halals (untouchable Muslims) are bitterly complaining in the Legislative Assembly that they do not benefit from reservation of Government jobs for Muslims, as the Ashrafs (high caste Muslims) keep them out. They should therefore be granted special reservation. In other provinces Sayyads and other high caste Muslims do not intermarry with low caste Muslims". (Kirloskar, a Marathi monthly November 1935). We have no reason to believe that things are any different today.

- According to 1931 census report, the Hussaini Brahmins who are more or less

converted to Islam retain Brahminical practices and claim to eat only with the Sayyids among Muslims. (Ref. Witness to an era by Frank Moraes, Weidenfield and Nicolson 1973 page 157)

In May 1981 few hundred Harijans in Minakshipuram, some 60 miles East of Trivendrum, embraced Islam and as a result much more information about the caste system among Muslims came out. At that time there were Shia-Sunni riots in Lucknow.

There have been riots between sub-sects of Sunnis also. But apart from that in Maharashtra there are many castes among Muslims. Some of them are - Momin, Khatik, Tamboli, Shikalgar, Madari, Garudi, Kasab, Mehatar, Bhangi, Jankar, Pendhari, Sarwan, Patharwat, Darweshi, Pakhali, Mullamujawar, Pinjari, Nadaf, Fakir, Paravegar, Kalal etc. They do not intermarry. They have separate Mosques and separate graveyards. And socially they are miles away from Khojas, Bohras, Agakhanis and Kadiyanis. Mr Sikandar Bakt a Muslim leader of Bharatiya Janta Party admits "we regard Khatik, Bhangi, Nabhik and Charmakar as inferior Muslims". (Tarun Bharat, a Marathi daily of Pune 22 September 1981)

Mahabaleshwar, 50 miles South of Pune (Poona) has 25% Muslim population. Their castes are - Sheikh, Sayyad, Tamboli, Pinjari, Bagwan, Menan, Khoja, Khatik, Kasai and Dhavad. They do not intermarry. Dhavads have their own Mosques separate from that of others. (Maharashtra Times 14 August 1981)

Kadiyanis believe that Mahammed was not the last Prophet, another Prophet may yet be born. That was a sufficient reason for their massacres in 1950 and 1974 in Pakistan. And in 1974 Government of Pakistan issued a White Paper and declared that Kadiyanis would be regarded as non-Muslims. They also declared Ahmedias as non-Muslims after their massacring them in 1982.

Pathans have many tribes and have their own high castes and low castes. Same applies to Arabs. Prophet Mahammad was born in the Kureshi tribe, and as such that tribe is regarded as the highest among Arabs.

Ayub Khan, former President of Pakistan said "Though Islam has 72 sects, all Muslims whatever their race or social position, are equal in the sight of God: the essence of Islam is brotherhood".

(Ref - Friends not Masters by Mohammad Ayub Khan, Oxford University Press 1967)

Let us not be fooled by such propaganda. During the reign of Ayub Khan himself it was discovered that slavery existed in Pakistan. All Muslims may indeed be equal in the eyes of Allah but they were not equal in their own eyes. When Mafatlal Hindu Swimming Pool was opened in Bombay, Jinnah remarked "You are not even allowing us to swim in your swimming pool, how can you ask us to be assimilated in your nation?" If our leaders had studied social structure of Muslims they would have retorted "Mr Jinnah, first you unify the graveyards of various Muslim sects, then unify their Mosques. When you manage that we would gladly welcome you to our swimming pool."

Above information is only the tip of the iceberg. And what applies to Muslims also applies to Christians and Buddhists. We should not forget that even the Japanese have their own untouchables (Bokharas). We do not justify or condone untouchability, but let us not despise ourselves and have foolish notions about others.

Just less than 10 years ago the Swiss were saying "send home the second grade Europeans (like Italians)".

3. Acknowledgement

3.1 Miss Amita Patel niece of our member Bhupendra Patel typed Newsletters 10, 11 and 12 for us.

3.1 M/s Rakhe (London) and Nawathe (Bedford) and Dr Lalwani posted several envelopes for us in India.

3.3 M/s Chulani (Spain) and Agate (Oldgam) donated £10 each and Mrs Nalini Kamat donated £30 in the memory of her late husband Dr Virendra Kamat.

We are grateful to them all.