INDIAN INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH INTO TRUE HISTORY

 

NEWSLETTER NO. 42 OF 16 JUNE 2004

 

1. NEWS AND CURRENT AFFAIRS

 

1.1 Rationalism of Veer Savarkar (in English)

Mr Godbole’s formidable work running into 750 pages was released at public function at Thane on 21 March 2004 (Gudi Padwa).

Copies are available in Hindusthan, England and America.

 

1.2 Prince Charles visits Iran

On 9 February 2004 Prince Charles visited Iran. The Evening Standard on page 5 printed a picture of Iran’s Foreign Ministry chief of protocol Mohammad Raisi greeting the Prince at Mehrabad airport in the capital Tehran. Mr Raisi is NOT wearing a tie!

Evening Standard reported – Iran building bridges

Under the third bullet point it says, “ Britain is regarded by Iranians with suspicion. The British royal family are seen as historic supporters of the deposed Shah of Iran, whose opulent lifestyle and corrupt government led to his overthrow during mass uprisings in 1979.”

Britain backed Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi from 1941 until the moment he fled to the United States. Older Iranians still remember our support for the U.S backed 1953 coup which saw the overthrow of Prime Minister Muhammed Mosaddeq’s brief regime and the restoration of the Shah.”

[Our comments – Dear oh dear. Look at us Hindus. We do not remember atrocities committed on us by Muslims just two years ago. And here the Iranians remember events of 50 years ago!]

“On the other hand, Charles is recognised as some one who has gone out of his way to preach tolerance and understanding of Islam in the West. His visit could provide a breathing space for the reformers.”

 

1.3 We Hindus are just as gullible today as we were 300 years ago.

In 2002 a well wisher of Mr Godbole gave him a copy of book relating to a family named Kelkar who are involved in the manufacture of essential oils (perfumes). It is a fascinating story of development of a family business over 80 years (1922-2002).

On page 43 of the book, the author writes, ”Today, Globalisation is accepted all over the world. But the funny thing is that the Industrialised nations set quotas for products from developing countries. However, when it comes to their exports, the Industrialised nations preach free market economy and want complete freedom with no barriers attached.”

“ When our (e.g. Indian) prices are lower than those of the Western Nations, they impose ‘anti-dumping’ duties on our goods. It is astonishing, however, that when our prices are higher than those of western products the western governments still impose ‘anti-dumping’ duties!! “

 

Who told the author that Globalisation is for good of developing nations? Why do we still get carried away by what the white man says? Is it not time we started to think for ourselves?              [Sugandhopasana by Govind Kelkar]

1.4 The Iraq War (2003/04) and its aftermath

It was quite clear in February 2003 that America and Britain would go to war and topple Saddam Hussein. The war actually started on 19 March and ended on 1 May 2003. Here are some of our observations.

 

* The timing of the war was decided by the weather. War could not have been fought in Iraq in June or after, so having made loud noises the Americans had no choice.

 

* Foolish attitude of Indians

In February 2003 Mr Godbole was in Pune. He was astonished by series of hostile articles written by a former Admiral of Indian Navy, which appeared in the Marathi language paper Sakal. The author was furious that Americans would occupy Arab lands and that the Arabs in neighbouring states were not concerned by this violation!!

The author also suggested that Saddam Hussein is very popular among the Iraqis. We may call his regime brutal, but that is what the people are happy with. What right have the Americans got to topple such a regime?

Both the author and the newspaper Sakal behaved like lambs when it came to denouncing the barbaric attacks on India’s Border Security Jawans by Bangladeshi villagers, just one year earlier. We should always ask – what’s in it for the Hindus?

 

* Show of scruples by some politicians

Robin Cook, the Foreign Secretary resigned a day before the war started. Clare Short the International Development Secretary did so few weeks later. We should not be carried away by emotions and feel that the two had some high morals. When America and all its western allies bombed Yugoslavia in 1999 did they get any authorisation by the UN? No. When America and its allies went to war in Afghanistan in 2001 did they have a mandate from the UN? No. So, why did not Robin Cook and Clare Short feel uneasy then?

We have to remember that Clare Short has a large number of Muslims in her constituency and unlike Hindus, Muslims will always try to use their Vote-bank to elect an M.P of their choice.

 

* Do you speak English? No.

Once the war was over many reporters interviewed Iraqis from all walks of life. But how many of them spoke English? Hardly any. If the reporters were to come to Hindusthan even a road sweeper will try to speak in broken English

 

* The behaviour of Shias

Americans were surprised by the reaction of Shias – the suppressed majority. Despite heavy fighting on the part of Americans, the Shias would not rise in revolt. Why? Because they were badly let down by President’s father George Bush senior, 10 years ago. After the first Gulf war, he encouraged the Shias to rise and when they did rise Bush senior did nothing. Shias were mercilessly killed by Saddam Hussein’s forces. Dear oh dear. These people have such memories! Look at us Hindus. We do not remember what atrocities were committed on us by Muslims just 2 years ago, let alone 10 years.

Moreover, just a few weeks after the overthrow of Saddam, the Shias started to say to Americans “Go home” What an ungrateful lot! Had it been us Hindus

We would have asked them to stay for ever.

 

* Iraq’s new constitution

The New Iraqi Government took power of their affairs on 1 June 2004. Their constitution clearly states that Iraq is an Islamic state. That does not bother any western reporter. But India MUST remain Secular!!

 

* Treatment of Iraqi PoWs by Americans and the British.

In April/May we saw horrific pictures of savage treatment of Iraqis by Americans. They never denied maltreatment. However, it raises two questions – If this is how Americans behave today, what barbarities had they committed during Second World War. Mr Godbole got some glimpse in two books – Advance to Barbarism, which he read in his local library in Bedford and a recent book on treatment of Germans by Americans after the Second World War.

The second question is – how brutally did the Americans treat Indian Tribes in America?  One shudders to think

 

* Why did the America’s plans go so disastrously wrong after the war? The answer is simple. They disbanded the Iraqi army and Police. After World War II the Americans and the French protected many Nazis and used them to curb the activities of the Communists. That is a fact of life, however bitter it may be.

 

1.5 British victims of domestic violence

Domestic violence affects large number of white women in Britain. And yet it has remained a taboo subject. We intend to expose this scandal in this and future newsletters.

 

On 17 July 2000 Danielie Demetriou reported for The Daily Telegraph

More women report domestic violence

The number of women reporting domestic violence doubled in parts of Britain last year, according to police figures published tomorrow.

Charities say the problem cuts across all social backgrounds, with many professional women suffering violence. Women are now more likely to report to police, although it is estimated that only one in five victims does so.

As many as 35,000 women are thought to have been attacked each month by their husbands or boyfriends last year. The dramatic increase in reported incidents also reflects how the stigma attached to being  “a battered wife” is beginning to fade, according to domestic violence charities.

“There are many professional and well-educated women married to professional and well-educated men who have been victims of domestic violence,” said Sandra Horley, chief executive of Refuge, which provides assistance to victims of abuse and is contacted by 260,000 women every year. “ It is a widespread problem. It cuts all racial and social backgrounds. We have seen abusive dustbin men and lawyers, lorry drivers and judges

 

The research was carried out by the Racial and Violent Crime Task Force. It reveals that 76 per cent of the 8,000 incidents dealt with by the department every month are cases of domestic violence. Race related incidents account for 22 per cent and “homophobic” cases for two per cent. A regional breakdown of cases of domestic violence reported to the police also shows that the number of incidents has doubled in parts of the country in the last 12 months. In Avon and Somerset, for example, the number of incidents rose from 4,791 in 1998-99 to 9,973 in 1999-2000. The statistics from the task force show women are beginning to take a stand against abuse.

 

“More women are coming forward to the police, because more women have the confidence to do so,” said Ms Horley. “It should not be up to an intimidated victim to press charges. The police should press charges more frequently, which could act as an effective deterrent. Domestic violence is a serious and violent criminal offence. It leads directly to the disintegration of the family and it is a major domestic problem. We are hearing from more and more women, but helps is limited. Refuge centres are vastly under-funded and domestic violence has not been regarded as a serious crime until relatively recently.”

 

A spokesman for the Home Office said:”It is definitely the sort of crime that the Government is encouraging greater reporting of and we hope these figures reflect greater confidence in the system that, if you do report it, something will be done about it.”

 

On 21 March 2004 Ian Kirby reported for News of the World

War on wife-beaters – they face fast justice

Wife-beaters are to be swept quickly into court in a new government blitz on domestic violence.

The cases will be given top priority with a target to deal with them within six weeks. And victims will no longer have to give evidence in front of their tormentors – judges will be able to accept written statements.

Other measures in the forthcoming Domestic Violence Bill include

* Brutes with more than one conviction being put on a new national offenders register.

* Tougher sentences from judges.

* Battered wives being warned when jailed offenders are released.

* A ban on thugs returning to victims’ areas.

 

The new laws will also mean accused batterers would not lose their right to claim self-defence.

Lord Chancellor Lord Falconer will unveil the plans tomorrow with Solicitor General Harriet Harman. He is determined to fight a crime that sees two women killed each week by a partner or ex.

He told officials: “ The legal system has been too slow for far too long. These victims have been forced to spend months or years living in fear because of crimes that are not their fault. It is time to draw a line under these delays. Fast track justice helps a legal system to be seen as more effective. But most importantly it helps the victims.”

Officials say there is backlog of 20,000 domestic violence cases.

 

 

 

On 19 April the London based paper Metro reported

1.6 Eton College appoints Muslim cleric

Eton College is to become the first public school to appoint an Imam. The Berkshire school, which counts princess William and Harry among its former pupils, will employ the Muslim cleric using funds from the Karim Rida Said Foundation, which promotes understanding of Islam in the West. The Imam will help pupils understand Islamic culture and attend to the religious needs of about 20 Muslim pupils. Eton already has a Roman Catholic chaplain, a Jewish tutor and four Anglican priests.

(Our comment – How about a Hindu priest? That will never happen. Hindu organisations to not attend to such earthly matters!)

Sanskrit teaching in London

In this context it is interesting to note that our friend Pandit Ramakrushnayya teaches Sanskrit in Middlesex University, London. Out of 33 students only 3 are Hindus!

 

 

2 History today

2.1 British Empire – what crimes have been committed in thy name?

2.1.1 Deportation of Chinese sailors from England in 1946

On 1 February 2002, Ian Herbert reported for The Independent

Son’s hunt for father exposes betrayal of war heroes.

Government documents uncovered during a man’s search for his lost father have revealed how thousands of Chinese servicemen who served Britain in the Second World War were forcibly repatriated in a climate of anti-oriental racism.

At least 2,000 Chinese, whose seafaring excellence was put to use by the wealthy Liverpool shipping lines, were rounded up by police officers between March and July 1946 and sent back to China, never to see their sons and daughters again.

The Chinese were considered “undesirable” and the city authorities were “anxious to secure the housing accommodation” they occupied, according to the minute of a Home Office meeting of October 1945 to discuss “repatriation of Chinese seamen”, 117 of them had British-born wives.

Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of the policy, which is also exposed in correspondence between the Ministry of Transport and War and the Liverpool Chief Constable, is its omission from historical analysis of the period.

 

Professor Tony Lee, a Cardiff University historian, said research had “simply focussed on the war” and that the new documents were “a surprise.” But he said:”It does not surprise me that there is very little in the record. British historians have not really been interested in the history of small ethnic groups.”

 

The story as uncovered by Keith Cocklin, 55, a retired merchant seaman who began investigating the disappearance of his father, Soong Kwai Sing, just before his own birth in May 1946. Mr Cocklin, whose work is featured in a BBC North West documentary entitled Shanghai’d was told his father had returned voluntarily to support the new People’s Republic in China, which was not established until 1949.

His plea for information through a BBC local radio programme elicited the testimony of Steve Crawshaw, a former fitter who built bunks in cargo holds to sleep he returning Chinese. There were also witnesses to police raids in which the Chinese men were rounded up.” We just saw them getting into the trucks. If they ran, they [the police] ran after them,” one witness, Larry Kee, said.

Correspondence with Maria Lin Wong, who had investigated her own father’s

Disappearance, helped to lead Mr Cocklin to Public Records Office documents demonstrating the haste with which the policy was initiated after an end to Japanese occupation of China removed a key impediment. The document record the acceptance by the Transport and War Office, in correspondence with Liverpool’s Chief Constable, that the “undesirable” Chinese seamen “try every device to avoid repatriation but once they see that bribery, corruption and solicitors’ letters will not avail, they will accept the inevitable.”

 

Professor Lane said anti-Chinese sentiment flared during the war, when Chinese and Indian merchant seamen took strike action in protest over their pay – a third of that offered to the British seamen. “This is the classical outrage of the imperial masters at the imperial subordinates daring to stand up for themselves.” Professor Lane said. ”The Chinese were very proud of their own culture and very aware of the negative stereotype and quite scandalous attitude some people had towards the Chinese.”

 

Documents supporting repatriation list details of 1,000 convictions for opium smoking, 50 for gaming offences and countless cases of venereal disease and tuberculosis.

 

Mr Cocklin, who said his discoveries had made him want to “declassify” himself as a British citizen, knows his father was shipped to Hong Long, then onwards to Shanghai on 9 March 1946 on the Ajax. His inquiries have failed so far to locate his father, who would now be in his Eighties

 

 

2.2.2 Gas, chemicals, bombs : Britain has used them all before in Iraq

On 19 April 2003 Jonathan Glancey reported for The Guardian

Our last occupation

No one, least of all the British should be surprised at the state of anarchy in Iraq. We have been therefore. We know the territory, its long and miasmic history, the all-but-impossible diplomatic balance to be struck between the cultures and ambitions of Arabs, Kurds, Shia and Sunni, of Assyrians, Turks, Americans, French, Russians and of our own desire to keep an economic and strategic presence there.

 

Iraq is the product of a lying empire. The British carved it duplicitously from ancient history; thwarted Arab hopes, Ottoman loss, the dunes of Mesopotamia and mountains of Kurdistan at the end of First World War. Unsurprisingly, anarchy and insurrection were there from the start. The British responded with gas attacks by the army in the south, bombing by the fledging RAF in both north and south. When Iraqi tribes stood up for themselves, we unleashed the flying dogs of war to “police” them. Terror bombing, night 2bombing, heavy bombers, delayed action bombs (particularly lethal against children) were all developed during raids on mud, stone and reed villages during Britain’s League of Nations mandate. The mandate ended in 1932; the semi-colonial monarchy in 1958. But during the period of direct British rule, Iraq proved a useful testing ground for newly forged weapons of both limited and mass destruction, as well as techniques for controlling imperial outposts and vassal states.

 

The RAF was first ordered to Iraq to quell Arab and Kurdish uprisings, to protect recently discovered oil reserves, to guard Jewish settlers in Palestine and to keep Turkey at bay. Some mission, yet it had already proved itself an effective imperial police force in both Afghanistan and Somaliland (today’s Somalia) in 1919-20. British and US forces have been back regularly to bomb these hubs of recalcitrance ever since.

Winston Churchill, secretary of state for war and air, estimated that without the RAF, somewhere between 25,000 British and 80,000 Indian troops would be needed to control Iraq. Reliance on the air force promised to cut these numbers to just 4,000 and 10,000. Churchill’s confidence was soon repaid.

An uprising of more than 100,000 armed tribesmen against the British occupation swept through Iraq in the summer of 1920. In went the RAF. It flew missions totalling 4,008 hours, dropped 97 tons of bombs and fired 183,861 rounds for the loss of nine men killed, seven wounded and 11 aircraft destroyed behind rebel lines. The rebellion was thwarted, with nearly 9,000 Iraqis killed. Even so, concern was expressed in Westminster: the operation had cost more than the entire British-funded Arab rising against the Ottoman Empire in 1917-18.

 

The RAF was vindicated as British military expenditure in Iraq fell from £23m in 1921 to less than £4m five years later. This was despite the fact that the number of bombing raids increased after 1923 when Squadron Leader Arthur Harris – the future hammer of Hamburg and Dresden, whose statue stands in Fleet Street in London today – took command of 45 Squadron, Adding bomb-racks to Vickers Vernon troops carriers. Harris more or less invented the heavy bomber as well as night “terror” raids. Harris did not use gas himself – though RAF had employed mustard gas against Bolshevik troops in 1919, while army had gassed Iraqi rebels in 1920  “with excellent moral effect.”

 

Churchill was particularly keen on chemical weapons, suggesting they be used “against recalcitrant Arabs as an experiment.” He dismissed objections as “unreasonable.” “I am strongly in favour of using poisoned gas against uncivilised tribes….to spread a lively terror…” In today’s terms “the Arabs” needed to be shocked and awed. A good gassing might well do the job.

 

Conventional raids, however, proved to be an effective deterrent. They brought Sheikh Mahmoud, the most persistent of Kurdish rebels to heel, at little cost. Writing in 1921, Wing Commander J A Chalmier suggested that the best way to demoralise local people was to concentrate bombing on the “most inaccessible village of the most prominent tribe which it is desired to punish. All available aircraft must be collected … the attack with bombs and machine guns must be relentless and unremitting and carried on continuously day and night, on houses, inhabitants, crops and cattle.”

 

“ The Arab and Kurd .. now knows,” reported Squadron Leader Harris after several such raids, “what real bombing means … within 45 minutes a full-sized village can be practically wiped out, and a third of its inhabitants killed or injured, by four or five machines which offer them no real target, no opportunity for glory as warriors, no effective means of escape.”

 

In his memoirs of the crushing of the 1920 Iraqi uprising, Lt General Sir Aylmer L Haldane, quotes his own orders for the punishment of any Iraqi found in possession of weapons “with the utmost severity”; The village where he resides will be destroyed …pressure will be brought on the inhabitants by cutting off of water power … the area being cleared of the necessaries of life.”

He added the warning : “Burning a village properly takes a long time, an hour or more according to size.”

Punitive British bombing continued throughout the 1920s. As eyewitness account by Saleh ‘Umar al Jabrim describes a raid in February 1923 on a village in southern Iraq, where Bedouin were celebrating 12 weddings. After a visit from the RAF, a woman, two boys, a girl and four camels were left dead. There were many wounded. Perhaps to please his British interrogators, Saleh declared; “These casualties are from God and no one can be blamed.”

 

One RAF officer, Air Commodore Lionel Charlton, resigned in 1924 when he visited a hospital after such a raid and faced armless and legless civilian victims. Others held less generous views of those under their control.

 

At the time of the Arab revolt in Palestine in the late 1930s, Air Commodore Harris, as he then was, declared that “the only thing the Arab understands is the heavy hand, and sooner or later it will have to be applied.”, As in 1931, so in 2003.

 

The web site is jonathan.glancey@guardian.co.uk

 

(Our comments

1.Just shows how little we know of modern world history.

2 Despite having treated Arabs and Kurds with such barbarity, the British had the audacity of complaining about German bombing raids on their cities in the 1940s!

3. We should not be carried away by emotions. Our principle must always be – what’s in it for Hindus? )

 

 

2.2 The Persian Gulf has disappeared

When Mr Godbole brought Collins Atlas for his daughter in 1976 ‘The Persian Gulf’ can be clearly seen in it. In 1998 Godbole’s daughters presented him with a huge Philip’s Atlas of the World published in association with the Royal Geographical Society. And surprise, surprise, there is no Persian Gulf. It is simply called the Gulf. All the other Gulfs are there, e.g. Gulf of Finland, Gulf of Mexico. What happened?

The Gulf Handbook of 1979 states, “This region is centred on a stretch of water, separating Iran from the Arabian Peninsula, which the Iranians call the Persian Gulf and the Arabs the Arabian Gulf. Westerners, wanting to remain neutral, prefer to call it just the Gulf and have extended the name to describe the whole region.” (page 3)

 

In a similar manner, after Indian independence, Savarkar suggested to Nehru that the name Arabian Sea should be changed. It does not belong to Arabia. Savarkar suggested that Arabian Sea should be named the Sindhusagar and the sea on east of India be called the Gangasagar. Nehru, having no backbone, did not accept this suggestion.

 

It is interesting to know what the Arabs themselves called the sea between Arabia and west of India. George Sale (1697–1736), an Englishman lived in Arabia for more than 20 years. He wrote a book on Koran, published 1734. It shows a map of Arabia and the ‘Arabian Sea’ is clearly shown as ‘Indian Ocean’. It would be worth finding who coined the name ‘Arabian Sea’

 

 

3. BEHAVIOUR OF CHRISTIANS AND MUSLIMS TODAY

3.1 THE CHRISTIANS

 

3.1.1 Christian divorcees can now marry in church

On 15 November 2002 The Sun reported Divorce wedding ban axed.

A ban on divorced people remarrying in Anglican churches was lifted yesterday.

The ancient edict was rescinded by the Church of England’s highest governing body, the general Synod.

Bishops, clergy and lay members voted by 308 to 110 to revoke the rule.

Divorced people may now remarry in church under “exceptional circumstances.”

But individual clergymen can still refuse to conduct the ceremony.

 

The move could now open the door for Prince Charles to wed his long-term partner Camilla Parker Bowles.

 

3.1.2 No sympathy for rape victims

Three pharmacists were fined after refusing to give a rape victim the morning after pill. Gene Herr, 33 said he objected on religious grounds to providing the emergency contraception prescription. He said he was sacked six days later, along with two colleagues who also refused to serve the woman. She was forced to go to a nearby pharmacy. Mr Herr, of Denton, Texas, said he wanted no part in the potential killing of an embryo, ‘I went in the back room and prayed about it,’ added Mr Herr, who worked for Florida based Eckerd for five years. The company refused to confirm the sackings, saying only that ‘appropriate disciplinary action’ was taken.

All such conscientious objectors do not answer the simple question – what would they do if the victim were their own daughter?

 

 

3.1.3.Letters to the editors

On 10 July 2003 Julia Neuberger, rabbi and chief executive of the King’s Fund, Cavendish Square, London W1 wrote to Evening Standard –

Anti-Semitic view of Old Testament.

 

I am rarely moved to cry “anti-Semitic” about the articles in the Evening Standard or elsewhere, and believe the allegation is made too frequently by my co-religionists, particularly as far as Israel is concerned. But Brian Sewell’s attack (Sex, the Bible and the real world, 8 July) on what he sees as the Old Testament of the Jews, describing it as a “compilation of convenient myth and a history of racial justification and aggrandisement”, is both deeply unsympathetic and widely inaccurate.

First, the Hebrew Bible has numerous strands in it, and his failure to quote both the anger and the comfort expressed by the prophets such as Isaiah, Jeremiah, Amos and Micah suggests he simply lacks knowledge.

Second, the fault line does not lie between religions – Judaism and Christianity – but between those who argue that the bible (or, in Judaism’s case, the five books of Moses) is divine, unchanging and a single revelation, and those who say, on the contrary, that revelation is a process that continues through all generations, and that biblical texts are man-made and of their time.

I take the latter, liberal view, and believe that the prohibition on homosexuality is one made by men who felt threatened by it. However, whatever any of us feel about Cannon Jeffrey John – and I for one am deeply shocked by the intolerance and smug self-satisfaction of his opponents – blaming the Jews and the “Jewish” Bible for what has happened is wrong, dangerous and plain ignorant.

 

 

3.2 THE MUSLIMS

On 26 February 2004, The Guardian reported

3.2.1. Muslim raid kills 48 in Nigeria

At least 48 people have been killed in the latest outbreak of religious violence in Plateau state, central Nigeria, the police said yesterday.

They were hacked down on Tuesday when Muslim warriors attacked Yelwa town in the mainly Christian district of Shendam.

The Plateau police commissioner, Innocent Ilozuoke, told reporters in the state capital, Jos : “The victims were pursued to a church … they ran to for refuge and were killed. Forty-eight of them died instantly.”

Security sources said the attackers’ guerrilla tactics suggested that they were hired mercenaries from Nigeria’s northern neighbourhood, Chad and Niger.

Mr Ilozuoke said troops and police had been sent to the area to try to contain the violence, but no arrests had yet been made.

More than 100 people have been killed in clashes between Christians and Muslims in southern Plateau in the past two years: in 2001 more than 1,000

were killed.

And about 10,000 have died in communal and religious violence in Nigeria since 15 years of military rule ended with President Olusegun Obasanjo’s election in 1999                                                               Reuters, Jos

 

On 4 June 2003 Juliette Terzieff reported from Peshawar, for The Guardian -

3.2.2.Taliban shadow falls on North West Frontier

Early every day after morning prayers Mohammed Zulfikar spends more than an hour setting up a small kerbside stall, at which he will remain until long past sundown, selling music cassettes and CDs.

He used to make 500-600 rupees (£5to7) a day – good money in a place where more than 40% live on less than a pound a day – but business has dropped considerably in the past six months as the government has pursued a campaign to “Islamise” the already conservative North West Frontier province of Pakistan.

People still stop to look and buy, but most look over their shoulder to see who is watching. He has stopped selling CDs of such potentially objectionable artists as Jennifer Lopez and Madonna, hoping to avoid the fate of dozens of other businesses here picked on by religious vigilantes.

Since the United Action Forum (MMA) of six religious parties swept into power vowing to eradicate social evil and create the ideal Islamic society, groups of young men have taken to attacking cinemas, music shops, and billboards showing women. Musicians and dancers have been driven from the province by systematic harassment, and the mobs have torn cassette players out of buses and cut cable television network connections.

“We all support trying to achieve a true Islamic society but we don’t want the Taliban system here, we don’t want that brutality, that fear,” Zulfikar said.

In this border town’s main thoroughfare, the ancient Grand Trunk Road from Kabul to Delhi, there is evidence of growing apprehension. When the call to prayer is heard, shopkeepers and stallholders and public transport workers shut down their operations to avoid the attention of MMA supporters.

The few women now visible on the streets scurry quickly along, covered in the head-to-toe burka or tightly wrapped in large chadors.

Abdul Khan, a political analyst in the city, said: “What you’ve got is a group of people intent upon imposing their will on the general public, taking away people’s rights to make life choices for themselves and their families.”

 

In the past month the MMA has introduced mandatory prayer calls for government employees, banned shirts and trousers as school uniform in favour of the loose fitting traditional shalwar kameez, and announcement that male doctors will not be allowed to treat women.

On Monday the provincial assembly voted unanimously to adopt sharia law.

Although sharia, based on the moral and religious codes of Koran, is enshrined in the Pakistani constitution, this is the first time it will be enforced.

The government bill to set up an Islamic monitoring and enforcement body is expected to encounter fierce but futile opposition in the assembly later this week.

 

Copies leaked to the media show that it bans honour killing, child labour, and bribe-taking. A muhtasib (religious law officer) appointed by the chief minister will monitor the behaviour of civil servants for corruption, define the parameters of acceptable “Islamic” behaviour, and ensure general compliance with Islamic duties. A hisba force likely to be drawn from the existing police and tribal law enforcers will carry out his decisions.

 

Palwasha Bangash of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan said: “This will effectively open the door wide to violations of people’s rights under a banner – religion – that no one can dare challenge for fear of being severely punished.”

 

The draft act sets a penalty of six months in jail and a fine for disobeying the muhtasib or his force. As the muhtasib’s writ will surpass even that of the provincial assembly, there will be little recourse for redress of grievances. But

MMA officials deny that the system resembles that of the Taliban. Mohammed Kurshid, of the provincial department, said: ”Ours is a revolutionary plan aimed at eradicating the cause of social, economic and other evils in our society to promote justice for everyone.”

 

Many leaders of the MMA, like leaders of the Taliban, are followers of the Deoband Daqr-ul-Uloom (Centre of Learning in Deoband), which teaches that music is sinful, educating girls is useless, and men are inherently more intelligent than women.

Mr Khan said: ”Pakistan is not Afghanistan, and they are not the Taliban, but that doesn’t mean certain enforcers or certain villages won’t adopt the strictest forms of interpretation. But with these measures comes the troubling possibility that the [province] could become a heaven for fundamentalist or militant groups at a time when Pakistan can ill afford it.”

 

3.3.3. Living in fear of Pakistan’s new ‘Taliban’ regime

On 17 February 2004 David Blair in Peshawar reported for The Daily Telegraph

Brutal and extreme Islamists have taken power on the North-West Frontier

Fame was no protection for one of Pakistan’s most celebrated pop stars when he indulged in the “un-Islamic” practice of singing in public. Gulzar Alam was beaten with rifle butts when 20 policemen armed with AK47s raided a wedding party where he was performing. “They are trying to be the Taliban,” said Mr Alam “They are trying to impose this Islamic system. But music is our tradition and it reflects our culture.” Covered in bruises, he was dragged to the cells in the frontier city of Peshawar and locked up for four hours before friends secured his release. Mr Alam, 42, said: “ The police said, “This music is banned.” They swore at me. They treated me like a very lo person. This province has become a police state.”

 

Mr Alam has fallen foul of the Islamist coalition running Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province. For the first time, extreme religious parties have won outright control of this crucial area near border with Afghanistan. They have a simple manifesto: to reinvent the Taliban in a corner of Pakistan. Since winning power less than 18 months ago the coalition has banned anyone from playing music or singing in public and confiscated thousands of music tapes from the bazaars. These were heaped on a large bonfire in Peshawar and set alight by the local police chief. Videotapes of test cricket matches were also thrown on to the flames because the authorities had noticed that shots of crowds showed fleeting glimpses of unveiled women.

The ritual – a conscious imitation of the frequent bonfires of “un-Islamic” material staged by the Taliban regime in Kabul – was followed by the closure of Peshawar’s only theatre.

 

Near the deserted Nishter Hall, once the centre of a community of 350 actors and musicians, a billboard carrying an advertisement for shoes was damaged. Black paint covered the faces of two women. Across the province almost all billboards carrying pictures of women have been torn down or sprayed. At the Shabistan cinema in Peshawar colourful hoardings that once tempted passers by with pictures of women clad in bright saris and men brandishing guns have been removed. Anodyne pictures of eagles and lions have replaced them.

 

Mr Alam believes that the Islamists are waging a vendetta against the entire artistic community. As the province’s most famous performer, he has been singled out for harassment. Two months after beating him up at the wedding party, police raided Mr Alam’s house in Peshawar’s Old City. By chance, he was away, so they arrested his brother, Alam Khan, 25, and his sons, Salman, 19, and Shan, 13. they were beaten up and held in the cells overnight on trumped –up charges of kidnapping two Afghan children.

 

When the provincial assembly meets next month the authorities will press ahead with the next stage of their campaign. They will introduce a law creating a new body modelled on the Taliban’s ministry for promotion of virtue and prevention of vice.” This will have sweeping powers to intervene in any area of life and uphold “Islamic standards.” The law will also create a parallel police and judicial system to implement a Sharia Law Act passed by the provincial assembly last year” This is the most dangerous development.” Said Afrasiab Khattak, from the Pakistan Human Rights Commission. “It will allow the government to intervene in anything, without challenge from the courts.”

 

The Muttahids Majlis-e-Amal coalition, which runs the provincial government, insists that there is no cause for concern. Malik Zafar Azam, the justice and parliamentary affairs minister, shies away from comparisons with Taliban and points out the Islamist won 67 of the local assembly’s 124 seats in free elections in 2002. “We are doing what people want us to do,” he said, " We have given them security. You can go anywhere you want in safety here.”

The Islamists have also pledged to segregate tertiary education by building a mew women’s university in Peshawar, with women forced to wear veils. “The value of a person is in one’s mind. not in what one wears,” said Saman Mushtaq, 20, a business studies student at Peshawar University.

“They should not impose the veil upon us.”

 

In another column David Blair reported – Gangs of gunmen tell barbers to stop shaving.

The tribesmen of Waziristan, whose love of battle has struck fear into the hearts of countless invaders, have turned on a new target: the local barbers.

Gangs armed with assault rifles have raided dozens of barbers’ shops in Wana, the capital of South Waziristan and ordered them to stop shaving their customers.

The shaving of beards is considered un-Islamic and the gunmen have threatened to kill anyone who ignores their orders. “They said, ‘We will kill anyone who does any shaving’,” said Mujeeb Rehman Wazir, 31, a resident who saw the sweep through Wana’s bazaar. “They also broke the mirrors in some shops.”

 

South Waziristan is one of seven “tribal areas” lining Pakistan’s frontier with Afghanistan. Those enclaves, officially exempt from the laws of Pakistan, are controlled by no one except local tribal chiefs. They were strongholds of support for the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. The campaign against barbers is part of a surge of support for Taliban-style rules in the frontier areas.

 

3.2.4. Shias and Sunnis at each other’s throats in Pakistan

On 1 June the paper Metro reported on page 5 –

Blast at Karachi mosque kills 16

At least 16 people were killed and 55 injured when a bomb exploded in a Shia Muslim mosque in Pakistan yesterday. About a dozen of the injured were critically hurt. The blast, which happened during evening prayers, caused massive damage to the building in the port city of Karachi. The dome was broken while the blast shattered the windows of a nearby office block. Waiting relatives looked for loved ones under the rubble.

Fruit seller Ghulam Hussein said: ‘I heard a big explosion and I saw two injured people falling on to the road bleeding. One had no legs.’ Saqlain Raza, who was parking his motorcycle when the blast happened, said: ‘one three-year old child was bleeding from the head and stomach. I carried the boy out and a car took him to hospital.’

Another worshipper called Saddiqan added: ‘I saw two dead bodies without limbs lying on the ground.’ Angry crowds of Shia Muslims gathered after the blast and set fire to two police cars before ransacking government offices. Many rioters also chanted anti-American slogans. Police fired tear gas to disperse the mob. Pakistan’s president Pervez Musharraf said he was gravely concerned at the violence. The Interior Ministry said it was too early to say who carried out the attack but it appeared to be linked sectarian violence between rival militants from the Shia and Sunni branches of Islam. It is feared it was in retaliation for the assassination of a Sunni cleric in the city on Sunday. Mufti Nizamuddin Shamzai, who had called for holy war against America, was shot dead when his car was sprayed with bullets. Karachi is braced for more violence today when the relatives of the blast victims bury their dead.

 

On 2 June, Metro reported on page 2 Violence at funerals for bomb dead

Protesters clashed with police at funerals for the 19 people killed in Monday’s

Bomb attack on a mosque in Pakistan. Riot police fired tear gas to force back thousands of people who gathered for the ceremonies in the city of Karachi. Angry mourners pelted police with stones and torched vehicles. Some beat their chests and chanted ‘God is greatest’ while others waved iron bars and shouted: ‘Down with America!’ Shia cleric Hasan Zafar Naqvi said: ‘We have no faith in police because they failed to protect or mosques.’ Pakistan’s government fears the bomb attack on the Ali Raza Imam Bargah mosque was the latest in a space of tit-for-tat sectarian violence following the murder of a Sunni Muslim cleric on Sunday.

 

Our comment – Shias and Sunnis are said to believe in the same prophet Mohammed and have one religious text. So, why are they at each other’s throats even in the year 2004?

 

On 23 January 2003 Stephen Deal reported for the Metro

3.2.5. Cleric ‘urged Muslims to kill non-believers’

A Muslim cleric urged his followers to kill enemies of Islam in a holy fight against the West, the Old Bailey heard yesterday.

Abdullah El-Faisal used his influence to ‘preach murder and hatred’; telling young Muslims they should kill Hindus, Jews, Americans and non-believers.

The 49-year-old compared killing of Hindus with chemical weapons to ‘spraying cockroaches’, it was claimed.

In tapes of his sermons, entitled Us Versus Them, Jihad and No Peace with the Jews, El-Faisal recommended dropping a nuclear bomb on India and burning the bodies of the dead to run power stations.The deaths of women and children were acceptable, he said, and killing a ‘kaffar’, or non-Muslim, would guarantee a place in Heaven.

‘How wonderful it is to kill a kuffar’, he allegedly said, ‘You crawl on his back and while you are pushing him down into hellfire you are going into paradise.’

David Perry, prosecuting, told the jury: ‘His view was entirely clear – liberty would not be achieved by democracy so the way forward can never be the ballot – the way forward is the bullet. Our motto is “might is right.”

 

El-Faisal, of Stratford, East London, denies charges of soliciting to murder and distributing material, which might incite racial hatred. The trail continues.

 

On the same day Tania Branigan reported for the Guardian

Preacher ‘called on Muslims to murder Jews’

Abdullah El-Faisal, 39, endorsed the use of nuclear and chemical weapons and told audiences that the proper definition of jihad as to wage war on non-Muslims. “It is Islam versus democracy. It is Allah Versus Satan. It is Muslims versus unbelievers,” he is alleged to have said in a sermon.

 

“He was preaching intolerance, but worse than that, preaching murder.” David Perry told the court, opening the prosecution case. ”The message he was conveying is clear; to kill a kaffir [non-believer] is good.”

 

El-Faisal, a former Salvation Army member, delivered the lectures to groups of young Muslim men and women at venues around the country and distributed the recordings through bookshops, the court heard

“The way forward can never be the ballot. The way forward is the bullet,” he told listeners.

He urged them to learn how to load missiles, fly planes and drive tanks and said martyrs who died fighting for Allah would feel no pain and go to paradise. He described France, the US and the UK as legitimate targets and urged followers to “fly into Israel and do whatever you can.”

“You can go to India and if you see a Hindu walking down the road you are allowed to kill him and take his money. Is that clear?” he said.

On other tapes he claimed Jews practised black magic and said they would be killed by Muslims very soon, as they had been by Hitler

 

El-Faisal, who is Jamaican, converted to Islam at 16, changing his name from William Forest. In 1983, he moved to South America later studying Islam at a university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He was sent to Britain to preach after his graduation and moved to Stratford, east London in the mid 1990s where he established “study circles” of up to 150 young men and women.

 

The police began their investigation after finding tapes of sermons in a car they stopped in Dorset in December 2001, They brought similar tapes and videos at Islamic bookshops in London and seized more evidence when they arrested El-Faisal at his home last February.

 

On 24 January 2003, dealing with the same case, Sam Lister reported for The Times – Muslim cleric ‘pledged virgins’

A Muslim cleric promised an audience of teenage boys 72 virgins in paradise if they died as religious martyrs in a war against all Jews, Hindus and “unbelievers” of the Islamic faith.

A jury at the Old Bailey was shown a video of a talk given by Abdullah el-Faisal, 39, after the September 11 attacks urging Muslim youths to train with Kalishnikov rifles in their school holidays and not to worry if a murder involved the “collateral damage” of women and children. A baby could be heard crying during part of the recording, and there were sounds of children’s voices in the audience.

The prosecution alleges that the Jamaican-born convert stepped outside his role as a spiritual leader to preach race hate and murder.

After his arrest in February last year, el-Faisal claimed that his teachings were taken from the Koran.

 

Abdullah el-faisal was sent to jail for nine years. This was cut to cut to seven years by the Appeal Court in February 2004. He lost his appeal against convictions for race hatred.

 

Our comments – will the Hindus ever open their eyes? Or will they continue to believe that Islam is also a path to God like Hinduism. This person has probably never met a Hindu, but see what happened when he was converted to Islam!!

 

3.2.6 Carey speaks out at last

Former Archbishop Carey spoke out against Islam. He said that Islam has not promoted democracy. On Friday 26 March the Daily Telegraph reported his remarks on the front page “Islam has contributed nothing to civilisation for hundreds of years.”

On 31 March The Daily Mail published two letters on the subject.

Ralph Ellis of Chester, Cheshire wrote –

Congratulations to Lord Carey for articulating the private thoughts of the frustrated many in this country. We have a problem with Islam across the world and more importantly, with Islamo-Britons influenced more by clerics in Iran than the politics of Westminster or the culture of our education system.

The English civil wars were fostered by a similar brand of religious intolerance and foreign interference in domestic affairs. The end result of this turmoil was achieved by separation of Church and State. We now need a “Mosque of England”, run by British clerics divorced from Middle Eastern politics. In time, it would provide a bastion against sectarian terrorism.

Like the Jesuits before them, many extremist Muslims believe that they are allowed to lie if this is of benefit to Islam. Lord Carey has ignited the torch and we need men of equal courage to use that beacon to promote the long overdue era of Islamic enlightenment.

 

S S Moid of Chorleywood, Herts, on the other hand wrote –

Lord Carey is correct about Hussain, Hassan and Hosney being authoritarians who retain their hold by ‘massive investment in security forces’ (Mail), but they owe their existence to U.S protection, humoured as ‘allies’ for serving the Neo-Conservatives agenda. The exploitation by autocratic rulers imposed by imperialist powers hasn’t changed the deprived lot of common man in Muslim lands, but Muslims have contributed a moral dimension to social trends, sorely needed to combat the ongoing drift into decadence. As for the divine injunctions spoken by the Holy Prophet, it has remained the unshakable faith of Muslims throughout centuries that what is preserved in Holy Koran is the immutable word of God for all time to come. The text remains unparalleled in

the glory of literary Arabic.

Of all people, the former Archbishop should have known that the evil consequences of the infirmity of faith among those given to liberal ways are the bane of today’s society.

 

3.2.7.Letters to the editors

 On 24 April 2003, Stuart Garratt of Newcastle wrote to the London paper Metro

Charles Gate makes two basic flaws when he suggests that Iraq should join the EU (Metro, Tue 22 April) Firstly, Saddam Hussein’s Iraq was secular already and, if anything, will now move closer to being an Islamic state.

Secondly, not all Western nations are secular. The US is, in reality, a religious democracy. Most Americans consider themselves strongly religious and a large proportion are evangelical – and that includes George Bush.

In some US counties, the education system has replaced evolution theory with creationism, which is hardly something that could be described as secular.

 

3.3 Religious wars

On 27 March 2004 Peter McKenna of Liverpool wrote to the Independent

Mils Kignton’s Jewish God (“It’s not every god that gets their own planet”, 24 March) has got to be joking: “has he or Allah ever ordered people to kill each other? Where was it written …?”

In Deuteronomy 7.2 – “Thou shalt smite them, and utterly destroy them”;

In I Samuel 15.3 – “ slay man and woman, infant and suckling …”;

In Surah al-Nisa 4:89 –“if they turn their backs, take them, and slay them wherever you find them.” And so smiting and slaying never stops.

4 Historical Findings : Iran / Iraq

Feud between Iraqis and Iranians

Some 60% of Iraqis are Shias and so are 90% of Iranians. But, Iraqis are Arabs by race and it was Arabs who conquered Iran. Hence the historical feud between the two. So much that when Iranians visited holy Shia sites in Iraq, they used to be insulted and humiliated.

 

In 1980 Vijay Parulkar visited Iran. He wrote a series called Khaibarnama. He tells us -

 

King Shah Abbas who ruled Iran from 1587 to 1629 was a clever man. Iranians are Shias and used to make pilgrimages to holy places Najaf (An Najaf) and Karbala (both in Iraq). But they used to be insulted by Arab Iraqis. Therefore the King declared that Iranians should make pilgrimages to shrine of Imam Reza of Mashahad (eighth Imam of the Shia sect) and Hazarat-I-Masumeh of Qom (Kumindan), it is tomb of Fatima, sister of Imam Reza. Shah Abbas walked for 28 days from Isfahan to Mashahad (tomb of Imam Reza). He strengthened the spirit of Shiism by developing Mashad, the shrine of the eighth Imam, and encouraging its importance as a centre of pilgrimage.

 

The interesting thing is that it is rooted in Pre-Islamic days of Zoroshtran Kings some 2 to 2 ½ thousand years ago. The Zoroastrian kings of Sassani dynasty used to walk from Ctesiphon (36 kilometres southwest of Baghdad) to Azerbaijan and pay respects to the holy fire in temples there.

 

Gulf Handbook confirms this on page 184

Shahpur – South of Lake Rezayieh itself is Mosandoab, from which a road goes to the great Sassanian religious centre of Takte Sulaiman. This was the site of the Royal Fire Sanctuary to which Sassanian monarchs made a pilgrimage on foot from Ctesiphon, their capital (now in Iraq).

 

Some other less known facts

Gulf Handbook also gives some more interesting information -

IRAN

* Social background – Iran today is a linguistic and cultural potpourri, which in addition to indigenous ‘Iranians’ includes Afghans, Arabs, Baluchis and Turks

(p117)

 

* Language and religion –The Government is worried about the growing number of foreign words which have found their way into Farsi, the official language which is deeply influenced by Arabic but whose origins are in the Indo-European languages. Efforts are being made to find Persian equivalents for the hundreds of Arabic, Turkish and more recently French and English words that have slipped into everyday usage. (This was in 1979) … Shi’ite Moslems make up over 90 per cent of Iran’s total population, with Sunni Moslems (seven per cent), Christian (Assyrian and Armenian), Jews and Zoroastrians accounting for the remainder of Iran’s faithful.

 

 

 

IRAQ

Although 95 per cent of the population is Muslim, Islam in Iraq, unlike other Islamic states, does not serve as a unifying force. Half Muslim population is Sunni living in north and central region; other half is Shia living in central region and the south. Thus the division is religious and regional.

The Christian-Muslim distinction, though certainly less important than the Sunni-Shia divide, is still significant, especially in social life. There is, for example, very little intermarriage between Muslims and Christians. The Christians, numbering about 400,000, are fragmented into various sects – Chaldean, Syriac Catholics, Syriac Orthodox, Greek Catholics, Greek Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox and Protestants. With exception of the Armenian Orthodox, these Christian groups are Arab in language and race.

Kurds and other groups

Ethnic differences present another problem. About 80 per cent of the population is Arab, although only a small proportion has an unmixed ancestry like the Arabs of Saudi Arabia or Jordan (there are about 95,000 Bedouins living in desert areas). The largest non-Arab ethnic group is the Kurds who account for about 14 to 16 per cent of the total population and who are concentrated in the mountainous region of north-eastern Iraq. The Kurds ethnically Aryan and have their own language

Racially akin to the Kurds are the Yazidis, settled in the Jebel Sinjar area of northern Iraq. They form tightly knit and isolated communities. They have their own language and unique religion, which incorporates pagan, Christian and Islamic elements.

There are also the Assyrians and Turcomans

[pages 224-226]

 

 

5. Why we cannot tell the truth

On 7 June 2002 Daniel McGrory reported for The Times

Woman sacked for revealing UN links with sex trade

A damning dossier sent by Kathryn Bolkovac to her employers detailing UN workers’ involvement in the sex trade in Bosnia, cost the American her job with international police force.

She was sacked after disclosing that UN peacekeepers went to night clubs where girls as young as 15 were forced to dance naked and have sex with customers, and that UN personnel and international aid workers were linked to prostitution rings in the Balkans.

After a two-year battle, an employment tribunal ruled yesterday that Ms Bolkovac was unfairly dismissed by DynCrop, an American company whose branch in Salisbury, Wiltshire, dealt with the contracts of the American officers working for the international police force in Bosnia. There will be a further hearing at Southampton to decide the amount of compensation DynCorp must pay Ms Bolkovac.

During her time in Bosnia as an investigator, Ms Bolkovac, 41, uncovered evidence of girls who refused to have sex being beaten and raped in bars by their pimps while peacemakers stood and watched. She discovered that one UN policeman who was supposed to be investigating the sex trade paid £700 to a bar owner for an underage girl who he kept captive in his apartment to use in his own prostitution racket.

She detailed her findings in a series of explicit e-mails to DynCorp, but after first being demoted and transferred from the investigation she was sacked for allegedly falsifying her timekeeping records.

Charles Twiss, the tribunal chairman, said: “We have considered DynCrop’s explanation of why they dismissed her and find it completely unbelievable. There is no doubt whatever that the reason for her dismissal was that she made a protected disclosure and was unfairly dismissed.”

There are powerful voices in support of her claims, including that of Madeleine Rees, the head of the UN Human Rights Commission office in Sarajevo, who is in no doubt that trafficking in women started with the arrival of the international peacekeepers in 1992.. ……

 

Richard Monk, a former senior British policeman who ran the UN police operation in Bosnia until 1999, said : “There were truly dreadful things going on by UN police officers from a number of countries. I found it incredible that I had to set up an internal affairs department to investigate complaints that officers were having sex with minors and prostitutes.”

 

The tribunal was told that a senior UN official, Dennis Laducer, was caught in one of the most notorious brothels. Mr Laducer, Deputy Commissioner of the International Police Task Force, was investigated by UN human rights officers and is no longer with the mission.

The ruling yesterday will cause further embarrassment to the UN over the behaviour of its peacekeepers. In March investigators disclosed that the British aid workers and the UN contingent in Sierra Leone were demanding sex from teenage refugees in exchange for food and money. The UN’s refugee agency, which carried out the inquiry, told of a “shameful catalogue of sexual abuse.”

 

Ms Bolkovac, was posted to Sarajevo in 1999 to investigate the traffic in young women from Eastern Europe. “When I started collecting evidence from the victims of sex-trafficking, it was clear that a number of UN officers were involved from several countries, including quite a few from Britain,” she said,

“I was shocked appalled and disgusted. They were supposed to be over there to help, but they were committing crimes themselves. But when I told the supervisors they didn’t want to know.”

 

Ms Bolkovac said that she witnessed frightened young women given exotic dance costumes by club owners, who told them they had to perform sex acts on customers, including UN personnel, to pay for the outfits.

“The women who refused were locked in rooms and outside contact was withheld for days or weeks. After this time they were told to dance naked on table tops and sit with clients, recommending the person buy a bottle of champagne for DM200, which includes a room and ‘escort’. If the women still refuse to perform sex acts with customers, they are beaten and raped in the rooms by the bar owners and their associates. They are told if they go to the police they will be arrested for prostitution and being illegal immigrant.”

 

[Our comments – Little wonder that people are frightened to speak the truth today on various crimes. We should now understand why Indian Historians do not speak truth about Taj Mahal ]